abstract

  1. 分别介绍if和when引导让步状语从句的用法
  2. 由shape引申讲解名词动用的知识
  3. 由may/might have done引出情态动词表对过去推测、责备用法的讲解
  4. 总结与skin含义相关的词汇，并引申讲解借代的修辞手法
  5. 讲解短语disappear/vanish without trace
  6. 总结整篇课文的内容，指出problem-solution-pattern的应用

content

1.if和when引导让步状语从句的用法

  1. if 引导的从句未必是条件状语从句，在相当多情况下是让步状语从句，可译为“即使”
God's reasons,if he has any,are opaque（无法理解） to us.
> 注：if he has any=if any → 即使有一些

He is seldom,if ever,absent from work.
  1. when也可引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管，既然”，译为“当 ...”
He walks when he might take a taxi. → 尽管
Why do you walk when you have a car. → 既然

2.由shape引申讲解名词动用的知识

  • shape：形状→v.使成形
He shaped the clay into a vase.
  • thunder：雷声→v.像雷声一样鸣响
He thundered at the door.
  • veil：黑纱巾→v.用黑纱巾笼罩
The street was veiled in the darkness.

3.由may/might have done引出情态动词表对过去推测、责备用法的讲解

  • may/might have done：对过去不太确定的推测
  • must have done：对过去的肯定推测
  • can not/could not have done：过去不可能这样
  • should/ought to have done：责备语气

4.总结与skin含义相近的词汇

  • skin：不仅表示“人皮”，也可表示“兽皮”
  • 引申：兽皮的搭配     skin/hide/fur

5.借代修辞

  • fur and feather：飞禽走兽
  • fin,fur and feather：水里游的，地上跑的，天上飞的
  • A bald slipped out of the house.
He has been messing（鬼混） around with several skirts of his class.

6.disappear/vanish

disappear/vanish without trace：消失得无影无踪

  • The burglar slipped out of the house and ~.

7.Problem-Solution-Pattern的应用

  • 指一种写作方式：不断提出问题，不断给出解决方案：提出问题→给出解决方案→再提出问题 ...